New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA

Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA)

Add Comparison

2021 Population

148,350

1.7% 1-year growth

US Senator

Bill Cassidy

Republican Party

US Senator

John Kennedy

Republican Party

2021 Median Age

37.1

3.06% 1-year increase

2021 Poverty Rate

24.8%

8.16% 1-year increase

2021 Median Household Income

$41,933

3.73% 1-year growth

2021 Median Property Value

$207,200

5.18% 1-year growth

2021 Employed Population

60,372

0.261% 1-year growth

About

In 2021, New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA had a population of 148k people with a median age of 37.1 and a median household income of $41,933. Between 2020 and 2021 the population of New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA grew from 145,865 to 148,350, a 1.7% increase and its median household income grew from $40,427 to $41,933, a 3.73% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA are Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (69.7%), White (Non-Hispanic) (18.6%), Asian (Non-Hispanic) (4.12%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (1.96%), and Two+ (Hispanic) (1.31%).

7.53% of the households in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

98.1% of the residents in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Regional Planning Commission 6--New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA are Delgado Community College (3,321 degrees awarded in 2021), University of New Orleans (1,644 degrees), and New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary (605 degrees).

In 2021, the median property value in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA was $207,200, and the homeownership rate was 55.8%.

Most people in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 26.2 minutes. The average car ownership in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA was 2 cars per household.

New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA borders St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA, St. Tammany Parish (Southeast) PUMA, LA, Jefferson Parish (North) PUMA, LA, Jefferson Parish (Central) PUMA, LA, New Orleans City (Central) PUMA, LA, New Orleans City (South) PUMA, LA, and St. Bernard, Jefferson (South) & Plaquemines Parishes PUMA, LA.

United States Louisiana

Population & Diversity

New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA is home to a population of 148k people, from which 98.1% are citizens. As of 2021, 4.98% of New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA residents were born outside of the country (7.38k people).

In 2021, there were 3.74 times more Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) residents (103k people) in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA than any other race or ethnicity. There were 27.6k White (Non-Hispanic) and 6.11k Asian (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary langauge in households in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA are Spanish (4,117 households), Vietnamese (3,647 households), and Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese) (598 households).

Population & Diversity

Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY

80,163

Women

54%

68,178

Men

46%

The resident population of United States in 2021 was 148,341 inhabitants, with 46% men, and 54% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in the United States.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

Citizenship

98.1%

2021 Citizenship

98%

2020 Citizenship

As of 2021, 98.1% of New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.4%. In 2020, the percentage of US citizens in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA was 98%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA

Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
103k ± 2.67k
White (Non-Hispanic)
27.6k ± 1.19k
Asian (Non-Hispanic)
6.11k ± 437

4.32%

Hispanic Population

6.41k people

4.32% of the people in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA are hispanic (6.41k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA as a share of the total population.

Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

Vietnam
2,668 ± 1,257 people
Honduras
1,428 ± 923 people
China
370 ± 472 people

In 2021, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA was Vietnam, the natal country of 2,668 New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA residents, followed by Honduras with 1,428 and China with 370.

Foreign-Born Population

4.98%

2021 Foreign-Born Population

7.38k people

4.76%

2020 Foreign-Born Population

6.94k people

As of 2021, 4.98% of New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA residents (7.38k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.6%. In 2020, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA was 4.76%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages

Spanish
4,117 households (2.97%)
Vietnamese
3,647 households (2.63%)
Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)
598 households (0.431%)

7.53% of the households in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is lower than the national average of 21.7%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2021, the most common non-English language spoken in households in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA was Spanish. 2.97% of the households in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
2,001 ± 336
Gulf War (1990s)
937 ± 301
Gulf War (2001-)
604 ± 156

New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 2.14 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

The economy of New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA employs 60.4k people. The largest industries in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA are Elementary & secondary schools (4,905 people), Restaurants & Food Services (4,691 people), and General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (4,153 people), and the highest paying industries are Oil & gas extraction ($143,319), Legal services ($139,883), and Petroleum refining ($133,922).

Males in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA have an average income that is 1.33 times higher than the average income of females, which is $49,700. The income inequality in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA (measured using the Gini index) is 0.468, which is lower than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure

RACE/ETHNICITY

33,027

Women

54.8%

27,188

Men

45.2%

The workforce of New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA in 2020 was 60,215 people, with 54.8% woman, and 45.2% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

Occupations

60.4k

2021 Value

0.261%

1 Year growth

± 0.261%

From 2020 to 2021, employment in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA grew at a rate of 0.261%, from 60.2k employees to 60.4k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA, are Elementary & middle school teachers (1,910 people), Cooks (1,529 people), and Other managers (1,394 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA.

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Louisiana (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

View Full Dashboard

Industries

Employment by Industries

60.4k

2021 Value

0.261%

1 Year growth

± 0.261%

From 2020 to 2021, employment in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA grew at a rate of 0.261%, from 60.2k employees to 60.4k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA, are Elementary & secondary schools (4,905 people), Restaurants & Food Services (4,691 people), and General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (4,153 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA, though some of these residents may live in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Median Earnings by Industry

$41,162

Median earning men ± $1,721

$32,421

Median earning women ± $1,925

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2021 are Public Administration ($72,308), Wholesale Trade ($63,922), and Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting, & Mining ($63,500).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2021 are Public Administration ($44,038), Manufacturing ($43,850), and Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($42,913).

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

Y-Axis

2.75%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 155M people employed in Louisiana. This represents a 2.75% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Louisiana.

View Full Dashboard

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Louisiana to other states, or from other states to Louisiana.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

Gasoline
$48B
Coal-n.e.c.
$46.7B
Fuel oils
$46.4B

In 2020, the top outbound Louisiana product (by dollars) was Gasoline with $48B, followed by Coal-n.e.c. ($46.7B) and Fuel oils ($46.4B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Louisiana products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Louisiana.

$371B

2020 Value in Louisiana

$691B

Projected 2050 Value in Louisiana

86.1% growth

In 2020, total outbound Louisiana trade was $371B. This is expected to increase 86.1% to $691B by 2050.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Louisiana trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Louisiana to other states, or from other states to Louisiana.

Most Common Trade Partners

Texas
$48.8B
Mississippi
$24.6B
Florida
$8.21B

In 2020, the top outbound Louisiana domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Texas with $48.8B, followed by Mississippi with $24.6B and Florida and $8.21B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Louisiana shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Louisiana went to Donald J. Trump with 58.5% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (39.9%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.01%).

Bill Cassidy and John Kennedy are the senators currently representing the state of Louisiana. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Louisiana is currently represented by 6 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA. Showing the available data for Louisiana.

2020 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (58.5%)
Republican Party
Joseph R Biden Jr. (39.9%)
Democratic Party
Jo Jorgensen (1.01%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Louisiana went to Donald J. Trump with 58.5% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (39.9%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.01%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Louisiana for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Senator Elections

US Senators from Louisiana

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Louisiana.

Bill Cassidy

Senator from Louisiana

Assumed office on January 3, 2015

John Kennedy

Senator from Louisiana

Assumed office on January 3, 2017

Bill Cassidy and John Kennedy are the senators currently representing Louisiana.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Louisiana over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representative Elections

US Representatives from Louisiana

Louisiana is currently represented by 6 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Louisiana have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2021, universities in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA awarded 6,140 degrees. The student population of New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA in 2021 is skewed towards women, with 9,586 male students and 15,850 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA are White (2,525 and 42.3%), followed by Black or African American (2,019 and 33.8%), Hispanic or Latino (570 and 9.56%), and Unknown (302 and 5.06%).

The largest universities in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA by number of degrees awarded are Delgado Community College (3,321 and 54.1%), University of New Orleans (1,644 and 26.8%), and New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary (605 and 9.85%).

The most popular majors in Regional Planning Commission 6--New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA are General Studies (1,232 and 20.1%), General Business Administration & Management (330 and 5.37%), and Registered Nursing (279 and 4.54%).

The median tuition costs in Regional Planning Commission 6--New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA are $13,325 for private four year colleges, and $5,287 and $12,155 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Admissions & Enrollments

Applicants, Admissions & Enrolled

University

Measure

In 2021 in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA, the percentage of applicants admitted was 68.5%, while the percentage of admitted who enrolled was 17.6%. The number of students enrolled in 2021 was 25,436 (37.7% men and 62.3% women).

The line chart shows the evolution of the percentage of applicants admitted, admitted who enrolled or the number of students enrolled according to the option selected in the upper button.

Enrollments by Gender and Races

Universities

In 2021 there were 25,436 students enrolled in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA, 37.7% men and 62.3% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in Black or African American with 10,482 records, of which 71.3% were women and 28.7% men.

Completions

Concentrations

Most Common

General Biological Sciences
151 degrees awarded
General Psychology
129 degrees awarded
General Business Administration & Management
182 degrees awarded

In 2021, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Regional Planning Commission 6--New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA was General Biological Sciences with 151 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Regional Planning Commission 6--New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA according to their major.

Universities

Gender

Race

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Delgado Community College
3,321 degrees awarded
University of New Orleans
1,644 degrees awarded
New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary
605 degrees awarded

In 2021, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was Delgado Community College with 3,321 degrees awarded.

Student Diversity

University

In 2021, 2,293 men were awarded degrees from institutions in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA, which is 0.596 times less than the 3,847 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2021 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was White students. These 2,525 degrees mean that there were 1.25 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 2,019 degrees awarded.

Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Universities

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($13,325) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2021.

Public, 4-year or above ($2,779) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2021.

Public, 2-year ($1,300) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2021, 0.993% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 0.973% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA in 2021 were Some college (30.9k), High School or Equivalent (29.5k), and Bachelors Degree (19.7k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

Housing & Living

The median property value in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA was $207,200 in 2021, which is 0.846 times smaller than the national average of $244,900. Between 2020 and 2021 the median property value increased from $197,000 to $207,200, a 5.18% increase. The homeownership rate in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA is 55.8%, which is approximately the same as the national average of 64.6%.

People in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA have an average commute time of 26.2 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Median household income in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA is $41,933. In 2021, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA was Ascension Parish PUMA, LA with a value of $86,256, followed by St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA and Lafayette Parish (South) PUMA, LA, with respective values of $79,292 and $76,180.

Housing

Property

$207,200

Median Property Value 2021

±$5,922

$31,260

Median Property Taxes

±$1,135

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA the largest share of households pay taxes in the < $800 range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

Rent vs Own

55.8%

Homeownership

2021

63.8%

Homeowners with Mortgage

2021

In 2021, 55.8% of the housing units in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA were occupied by their owner. This percentage declined from the previous year's rate of 57.4%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Equity

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In 2021, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA was Ascension Parish PUMA, LA with a value of $86,256, followed by St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA and Lafayette Parish (South) PUMA, LA, with respective values of $79,292 and $76,180.

The following map shows all of the PUMAs in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$41,933

Median Household Income

± $1,942

56k

Number of Households

± 1,731

In 2021, the median household income of the 56k households in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA grew to $41,933 from the previous year's value of $40,427.

The following chart displays the households in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the < $10k range.

Wage Distribution

0.468

2021 Wage GINI in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA

0.457

2020 Wage GINI in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA

In 2021, the income inequality in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA was 0.468 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 2.36% growth from 2020 to 2021, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even. The GINI for New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2021

Drove Alone (73.4%)
Carpooled (10.1%)
Worked At Home (7.68%)

In 2021, 73.4% of workers in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (10.1%) and those who worked at home (7.68%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Commute Time

26.2 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA have a shorter commute time (26.2 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.8 minutes). Additionally, 2.5% of the workforce in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA have 2 cars.

Poverty

Poverty & Diversity

24.8% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA (36.5k out of 147k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.6%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 35 - 44 and then Females 55 - 64.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA is Black, followed by White and Other.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Health

91.5% of the population of New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA has health coverage, with 36.6% on employee plans, 33.4% on Medicaid, 9.96% on Medicare, 10.2% on non-group plans, and 1.28% on military or VA plans.

Primary care physicians in Louisiana see 1434 patients per year on average, which represents a 2.18% decrease from the previous year (1466 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1759 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 305 patients per year.

Coverage

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Louisiana.

1,434 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Louisiana

Primary care physicians in Louisiana see an average of 1,434 patients per year. This represents a 2.18% decrease from the previous year (1,466 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Louisiana in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Health Care Diversity

In 2021, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 24.9% under 18 years, 21.9% between 18 and 34 years, 38.4% between 35 and 64 years, and 14.8% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 45% were men and 55% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

Uninsured People

8.51%

Uninsured

36.6%

Employer Coverage

33.4%

Medicaid

9.96%

Medicare

10.2%

Non-Group

1.28%

Military or VA

Between 2020 and 2021, the percent of uninsured citizens in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA declined by 4.86% from 8.95% to 8.51%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in New Orleans City (Northeast) PUMA, LA changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.